> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://42-guide.gitbook.io/42-guide/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://42-guide.gitbook.io/42-guide/piscine-life/rushes/rush00/0.md).

# 0

### **Complete Solution with explanation**

#### **1. Printing a Single Character (`ft_putchar`)**

```c
#include <unistd.h> // Includes write function for output

// Function to print a single character to standard output
void	ft_putchar(char c)
{
	write(1, &c, 1); // Writes character 'c' to standard output
}
```

✅ **Explanation:**

* `write(1, &c, 1);` → Writes the character `c` to the terminal.
* Used throughout the program to print individual characters.

***

#### **2. Printing the First Row (`first_line`)**

```c
// Function to print the first row of the rectangle
void	first_line(int width)
{
	int	i;

	i = 0;
	while (i < width) // Loop through the entire width
	{
		if (i == 0 || i == width - 1) // Print 'o' at the corners
			ft_putchar('o');
		else // Print '-' for the middle part
			ft_putchar('-');
		i++;
	}
	ft_putchar('\n'); // Move to a new line after finishing the row
}
```

✅ **Explanation:**

* Prints the **first row** of the rectangle.
* **First and last characters** are `'o'`.
* **Middle characters** are `'-'`.

***

#### **3. Printing the Last Row (`last_line`)**

```c
// Function to print the last row of the rectangle
void	last_line(int width)
{
	int	i;

	i = 0;
	while (i < width) // Loop through the entire width
	{
		if (i == 0 || i == width - 1) // Print 'o' at the corners
			ft_putchar('o');
		else // Print '-' for the middle part
			ft_putchar('-');
		i++;
	}
	ft_putchar('\n'); // Move to a new line after finishing the row
}
```

✅ **Explanation:**

* **Same logic as `first_line()`**, as the first and last rows are identical.
* Handles different rectangle widths.

***

#### **4. Printing the Middle Rows (`middle_rows`)**

```c
// Function to print the middle rows of the rectangle
void	middle_rows(int width, int height)
{
	int	i, j;

	for (j = 1; j < height - 1; j++) // Loop through each middle row
	{
		for (i = 0; i < width; i++) // Loop through characters in the row
		{
			if (i == 0 || i == width - 1) // Print '|' for left and right borders
				ft_putchar('|');
			else // Print spaces in the middle
				ft_putchar(' ');
		}
		ft_putchar('\n'); // Move to a new line after finishing the row
	}
}
```

✅ **Explanation:**

* Prints the **middle rows** (rows between the first and last row).
* Uses `'|'` for **left and right borders**.
* Uses spaces `' '` for the inside.
* Runs **only if height > 2** (to ensure there is space for a middle section).

***

#### **5. Printing the Full Rectangle (`rush`)**

```c
// Function to print the entire rectangle
void	rush(int width, int height)
{
	if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) // Handle invalid input (negative or zero values)
		return;

	first_line(width); // Print the first row

	if (height > 1) // Print middle rows only if height is greater than 1
		middle_rows(width, height);

	if (height > 1) // Print the last row only if height is greater than 1
		last_line(width);
}
```

✅ **Explanation:**

* **Handles edge cases** (if `width` or `height` is 0 or negative, it does nothing).
* Calls `first_line()`, `middle_rows()`, and `last_line()` in order.

***

#### **6. Main Function (`main`)**

```c
// Main function to test the implementation
int	main(void)
{
	rush(5, 3); // Calls the function with width = 5, height = 3
	return (0);
}
```

✅ **Explanation:**

* Calls `rush(5,3)`, which prints a rectangle **5 characters wide and 3 characters high**.
* You can change values to test different rectangle sizes.

***

### **Summary of Functions and Responsibilities**

| Function Name   | Responsibility                                                    |
| --------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `ft_putchar()`  | Prints a single character                                         |
| `first_line()`  | Prints the first row with 'o' and '-'                             |
| `last_line()`   | Prints the last row (same as `first_line()`)                      |
| `middle_rows()` | Prints the middle rows with '                                     |
| `rush()`        | Calls all the row functions in order and checks for invalid input |
| `main()`        | Starts the program and calls `rush()` with test dimensions        |

***

### **Example Outputs**

#### **Example 1: `rush(5, 3)`**

```
o---o
|   |
o---o
```

#### **Example 2: `rush(1, 1)`**

```
o
```

#### **Example 3: `rush(4, 4)`**

```
o--o
|  |
|  |
o--o
```


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